#APSIM R SERIES#
#APSIM R SIMULATOR#

#APSIM R SIMULATOR#

The Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM) 38 is one of the most appropriate models for agricultural systems.

They are widely used for decision making and planning in agriculture and can be particularly useful for predicting food production in response to climate change 35, 36, 37. Furthermore, the choice of the suitable cultivars for the specific environment is also one of the best management practices to increase the yield 5, 12, 15, 20, 28, 29, 30.ДЄpplication of crop simulation models helps in elaborating the suitability of best management practices to boost agricultural productivity by integrating the interdisciplinary knowledge gained through experimentation and technological innovations in the fields of biological, physical, and chemical science relating to the agricultural production system 31, 32, 33, 34. But just a few studies which confirm that late sowing increases wheat yield 27. Many studies confirm that the early and medium sowing date was beneficial for improving the soil water storage and increased the grain yield, and a reduction in yield and development of wheat when sowing is delayed after the optimum time, especially in a dry year 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26. The key to tackle these challenges is to adapt best management practices, which are helpful for optimizing wheat grain yield such as setting an optimum sowing date and using an appropriate wheat variety for the region 5, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20. In fact, since the world population is projected to be around 9.8 billion by 2050, wheat yield is expected to be increased by 60% 9. The decline of Morocco's wheat production in recent years has been attributed due to low and erratic precipitation with a frequent drought 8, and unusually high mean temperature. As a result, Morocco has become among the top 10 wheat importing countries 7. Compared to the year of 2018, wheat yield in the world increased by 3% in contrast to Morocco where the yield declined by 37%. Wheat yield in the 2019 cropping season were 3.55 t/ha in the world, 2.76 t/ha in Africa, 2.74 t/ha in North Africa and 1.61 t/ha in Morocco 6. Besides, it has a gluten content which is capable of forming the fully elastic dough required for baking leavened bread, and is also an essential ingredient globally in the food industry sector for making great varieties of food stuff 3, 4, 5. Moreover, wheat grain is nutritious and composed of starch, fiber, vitamins B and E, iron and antioxidants. Wheat ( Triticum aestivum) is one of the most important cereal crops and vital staple food worldwide 1, 2, for the reasons that it grows in both the temperate and warmer regions due to its resilience to drought and frosts. In conclusion, APSIM-Wheat model could be used as a promising tool to identify the best management practices such as determining the sowing date and selection of crop variety based on the length of the crop cycle for adapting and mitigating climate change. From the several varieties tested, Hartog, Sunstate, Wollaroi, Batten and Sapphire were yielded comparatively higher than the locale variety Marzak. The simulated result confirmed that the yield obtained from plots seeded between 25 October and 25 November was higher than that of sown until 05 January. The realization of future climate data projection and their integration into the APSIM model allowed us to obtain future scenarios of wheat yield that vary between 0 and 2.33 t/ha throughout the study period.

The study showed that the performance of the model was fairly accurate as judged by having RMSEвЂ‰=вЂ‰0.13, NSEвЂ‰=вЂ‰0.95, and dвЂ‰=вЂ‰0.98.

#APSIM R SERIES#

Furthermore, series of simulations were performed to simulate the future scenarios of wheat productivity based on climate projection the optimum sowing date under water deficit condition and selection of appropriate wheat varieties. A quantitative statistics, i.e., root mean square error (RMSE), NashвЂ“Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), and index of agreement (d) were used in model performance evaluation. Model calibration was carried out using data collected from field trials. In this study, we evaluated the suitability of semi-arid region of Central Morocco for wheat production using Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator (APSIM) considering weather, soil properties and crop management production factors.

Apsim r